Imashini yo gutoza ni iki
A Imashini yo gutozani imashini y'ivyuma-yo gukata no guheza -ikoreshwa mu gutumauburyo bw'ubuhinga, ukuri kw'ingero, n'iherezo ry'imberey’igikoresho, canecane ivyuho n’ibinogo vy’imirongo.
Irakora ivyo .Uburyo bwo gutoza, ikoreshaamabuye ashazaryishizwe ku gikoresho gizunguruka kandi kigasubira inyuma icarimwe kugira ngo gikuremwo ibintu bikeyi cane (akenshi ni imikorometero mikeyi).
Honing ni mu bisanzweigikorwa co guhezainyuma y'ibikorwa nk'ugucukura, gusenya, canke gusya - cane cane mu nganda zisaba gukora neza cane, nk'imodoka, indege, amazi, n'uguhingura ibikoresho.
Ivyiza vyo gutwara
Imashini zikoraivyiza cane, bimeze neza, kandi vy'ukuri, akenshi imbere mu bihimba vy’umubiri.
Bakuraho ibintu bike cane (2–50 μm) bifise .amabuye ashazabiciyeguhindukiza no gusubirana.
Honing iratera imbereubuzibuzi, ubugororotsi, ubugoyagoye, n’uburebure bw’uruzitiro (Ra Muto canke ingana na 0,1 μm).
Ibisabwa rusangi birimwoamacylindre ya moteri, amabombo y'ibikoresho, amaboko y'amazi, n'imiyoboro y'ukuri.
Biboneka muriimiterere iringaniye n'ihagaze, bivanye n’ubunini bw’igikoresho, ubwoko bwaco be n’ivyo bisabwa kugira ngo gikore neza.
Gutahura uburyo bwo gutoza
MuUburyo bwo gutozagutunganya uburebure bw'imboga n'uburyo bwo ku ruhande biciye mu gikorwa co gushaza gicunzwe:
Gushinga: Igikoresho gikoreshwa kirashirwako neza.
Igikoresho co gukorana: Muigikoresho co gutoza(mandrel) ifise amabuye y’ugushaza yinjizwa mu mfuruka.
Inyifato y'Izunguruka: Ico gikoresho kirazunguruka kugira ngo gice uruhande ruringaniye.
Inyigisho yo gusubizanya: Ico gikoresho kigenda kigaruka kija imbere, kigahingura .urugero rw'umusaraba(bihambaye mu kugumya amavuta no gutera amavuta).
Ukwaguka kw'ibuye: Ivyo bikoresho bigenda biragwira buhorobuhoro bikaja hanze kugira ngo bigumeko umukazo uko ibintu bikurwako.
Gupima no kugenzura: Amamashini yo gupima neza akoresha in-process gauging kugira ngo agenzure ingero za nyuma ubwayo.
Igisubizo: Aingano nyayo, ukuri mu buryo bw'ubuhinga, n'uburebure bwa micro-burangijen’ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo kugumya amavuta.
Ubwoko bw'amamashini yo gutoza
Amamashini yo gutoza ashirwa mu migwi ahanini hakurikijweimico, Urugero rw'ukwikoresha, kandigusaba:
| Ishami | Imvugo |
|---|---|
| Imashini zo gutoza ziringaniye | Igikoresho gikoreshwa gishizwe mu buryo buringaniye; bibereye ku bice birebire (imirongo, imirongo, amaboko). |
| Imashini zo gutoza zihagaze | Igikoresho gikoreshwa gica mu buryo buhagaze; ni vyiza ku bice bigufi n'ivy'agaciro kanini- (ibice vya moteri, inzu zitwara). |
| Imashini zikoreshwa n'amaboko | Umukoresha-agenzurwa, akoreshwa mu vyumba vy'ibikoresho n'ibikorwa vy'umubare muto-. |
| CNC / Imashini zikora zikora | Ivyikora vyose, ku gukora vyinshi -n'igipimo c'igihe nyaco-. |
| Igikoresho kimwe -Igikoresho n'igikoresho kinini-Igikoresho | Umuntu umwe kubera akazi k’ukuri; multi ku bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu vyinshi (nk’akarorero, imodoka). |
Imashini zo gutoza ziringaniye
Imashini zo gutoza ziringaniyen’ushire igikoresho mu buryo buringaniye mu gihe igikoresho co gutoza gica muri co.
Ni vyiza kuIbice birebire vy'umubiricanke ibice bifise -ibitobo.
Utuntu dutandukanye:
Igikoresho gifatwa hagati y’ibibanza canke mu gitereko.
Igikoresho kigenda mu buryo bw’umurongo kandi kigazunguruka icarimwe.
Ishobora gukora amatiyo maremare, amacylindre y’amazi, canke imibindi y’imbunda.
Ibisabwa:
Amatiyo y'amazi
Amaboko y'ibikoresho vyo gutera indege
Amarushanwa maremare
Amatiyo n'imirongo vy'ukuri
Ivyiza:
Ishobora gufata ibice birebire canke biremerera bitagoranye.
Gukuraho ibice vyiza kubera -imyobo.
Gutunganya neza ku binogo vy’imbere.
Imashini zo gutoza zihagaze
Imashini zo gutoza zihagazen’ushire igikoresho mu buryo buhagaze, igikoresho co gutoza kikaba kigenda kiduga kikaja hasi.
Bisanzwe mu 2012.inganda zikora imodoka, ivy'indege n'ivy'ibikoreshoaho amabombo magufi, afise ubushobozi bwinshi-akoreshwa.
Ibisabwa:
Amabuye ya moteri (ibipfukisho vy'amacylindre)
Inzu zitwara
Imibiri ya kompreseri n'ipompa
Amasandugu y'ivyuma n'ibice vy'amazi vy'ukuri
Inyungu z’amamashini yo gutoza ahagaze harimwo:
Ugukomera cane n'ukuri→ ubuhinga bwiza bwo gupima n’uguhuza kw’isonga.
Ikirenge gikomeye→ bihuye n’ingingo z’ubuhinga.
Ivyo gukonjesha vyiza cane n'ugutemba kw'ibicekubera uburemere bw’isi.
Ukwinjiza mu buryo bworoshe(ugushira/gukuraho robo).
Ni vyiza ku mpera ngufi, yugarijwe-, canke impumyi.
Ibice vy'imashini yo gutoza
| Igice | Igikogwa |
|---|---|
| Gutunganya umugozi / Mandrel | Afata kandi akazunguruka amabuye y’ugutoza; iragwira mu buryo bw’imirongo kugira ngo igumye ifise umukazo wo guca. |
| Amabuye y'ugushaza | Ibintu vyo guca (akenshi ni diama, CBN canke aluminium oxide). |
| Igikoresho co gufata akazi | Ikingira neza igikoresho mu gihe co gukosora. |
| Uburyo bwo gutwara | Itanga inyigisho y’uguzunguruka n’iy’ugusubirana. |
| Uburyo bwo kugaburira | Igenzura ukwaguka kw’amabuye y’ugushaza. |
| Uburyo bwo gukonjesha | Isukura ibisigazwa kandi igatuma ubushuhe buguma buhagaze. |
| Uburyo bwo kugenzura / Igikoresho co gupima | Igenzura ubunini bw'ibarabara n'iherezo ry'uburebure mu gihe nyaco-. |
Ikoreshwa ry'amamashini yo gutoza
Gutoza ni ngombwa aho hoseuburinganire bw'ingero n'uburyo bwiza bwo guhezani ngombwa cane:
| Ishami | Ibice rusangi |
|---|---|
| Ivy'imodoka | Amacylindre ya moteri, inkoni zihuza, inzu z'ivyuma |
| Ivy'indege | Amaboko y'amazi, ibikoresho, amarushanwa y'ibikoresho |
| Ivy'amazi n'impwemu | Amatiyo y'amacylindre, imibiri y'amavalve |
| Ivyuma | Impeto z'imbere n'iz'inyuma, zifise amaboko |
| Ibikoresho vy'ubuvuzi | Ibikoresho vyo kubaga, ibihimba bishobora guterwa |
| Igikoresho & Ugupfa | Ivyuma, imyobo y'uburongozi |
| Amavuta na gazi | Amapompo, inzu z'amavalve |
Guhitamwo imashini nziza yo gutoza
Igihe uhitamwo imashini yo gutoza, zirikana ibi:
| Parametere | Ivyangombwa vyo guhitamwo |
|---|---|
| Ingano y'igikoresho | Ibice birebire → biringaniye; ibice bigufi → bihagaze |
| Urugero rw'ukuri | Ugutahura neza cane → CNC canke gukora neza |
| Igitigiri c'ivyo bakora | Hasi → amaboko/igice -ikoreshwa; hejuru → vyinshi-umugozi CNC |
| Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho | Ivyuma bikomeye → diama/CBN |
| Ubwoko bw'imyobo | Biciye canke mu mwobo w'impumyi, umwe canke myinshi |
| Ingengo y'imari n'ahantu | Uburyo bukomeye bwa CNC ku butaka buke bwo hasi |
Ni Itandukaniro Irihe Riri Hagati y’Ugutoza no Gusya?
| Akaranga | Gutera iteka | Gusya |
|---|---|---|
| Intumbero | Iherezo rya nyuma n'ugukosora ubuhinga bw'ubuhinga | Gukuraho ibikoresho no kubihingura |
| Ibikoresho vyakuweho | 2–50 µm | 0.1–1 mm canke birenze |
| Igikoresho co gushaza | Ibuye ryinshi-, igihimba c'umubiri gishobora guhinduka | Uruziga rukomeye rwo gusya |
| Ingingo | Ihuriro ry'uguzunguruka + gusubiranamo | Rotari gusa |
| Guheza ku ruhande | Ni vyiza cane (Ra Muto canke ingana na 0.1 μm) | Iringaniye (Ra Irengeye canke ingana na 0.2 μm) |
| Gukosora uburinganire | Ivyiza cane (ubuzibuzi, ubuzibuzi) | Bifise aho bigarukira |
| Ubushuhe butera | Hasi | Hejuru |
| Ikoreshwa risanzwe | Ivyuma vy'amacylindre, amarushanwa y'ivyuma | Imirongo, ahantu haringaniye |
Icegeranyo:
Gusya bitanga ishusho; gutoza bitanga ubutungane.
Mu Busanzwe Gukora Honing Bifata Igihe Kingana Iki?
Igihe co gutoza kivana na:
Ubukomezi bw'ibikoresho
Gukuraho ububiko birakenewe
Ingano y'uburebure n'uburebure
Ubwoko bw'imashini (ikoreshwa n'amaboko vs. CNC)
Ivyiyumviro bisanzwe:
Utubombo dutoduto tw'ukuri (nk'akarorero, ibikoresho):Amasegonda 20–60 ku nzira
Ivyuma vya moteri:Iminota 1-3
Amatiyo y'amazi / imyobo miremire:gushika ku minota 10
Uburyo bwo gutoza ivyuma vyinshi - mu mirongo y'ubuhinga bushobora kurangizaamabombo menshi icarimwe, kugabanya cane ku-igice c'igihe.
