1. Igituma Imashini Yo Gutoza Ikenewe
Ivyuma vy'ukurizikoreshwa mu mice y’ubuhinga kugira ngokuyobora, gushigikira, canke gutunganya imigozi izunguruka canke inyerera- nk'uko biri muri moteri, mu bikoresho vy'ugutanga amakuru, mu mapompo, mu bikoresho vy'ugupfa, no mu bihimba vy'amamashini.
Ivyiyumviro vyabo vy’imbere bitegerezwa guhura .Ukwihanganira urugero rwa micron-kugira ngo bibe nk’ikiziga, bigororotse, kandi bibe vyiza ku ruhande kugira ngougushikana guke, gukwira neza, n'ubuzima buramba bwo kwambara.
Ingorane Imbere yo Gutoza
Inyuma y’ugukoresha imashini zisanzwe (gucukura, gucukura canke gucukura),uburebure bw'imbere bw'igitimu bisanzwe afise:
Bitoumugozicankehanze-y'-ubuzibuzi
Ibimenyetso vy'ibikoresho canke umupfundakuva ku mashini
Gukevya kw'ingerokuva ku bushuhe canke imibabaro yo gufatanya
Iherezo ry'imbere ntiryoroshe bihagije kugira ngo ribe ryiza (Ra > 0.6 μm)
Mwene ukwo kudatungana gutuma:
Guhinduka kw'umugozi canke gufatanya,
Ukwihutisha kwambara n'ugushikana,
Ugufata nabi amavuta, kandi
Gutsindwa kw’ibice bitarashika.
Ku bw’ivyo, imashini yo gutoza irakenewe kugira ngo:
GushitsaUbugororotsi bw'ingero za nyumamu ±1–2 μm.
Nezaamakosa y'uburinganire(igiti c’umugozi, igihimba c’umugozi, igicapo c’umubindi).
Gutangaiherezo ry'ubutaka rigenzurwan’igishushanyo c’umusaraba kimwe kugira ngo amavuta agumeho.
Kugyohoraubutungane bwo ku ruhandemu gukuraho amasigarira y’imibabaro y’imashini canke ibikomere.
Kumenya nezaguhuza neza no gutunganyahagati y’umugozi n’igiti c’umugozi.
2. Ibikorwa vy’Imashini yo Gukora Ivyuma
| Igikogwa | Imvugo | Inyishu / Inyungu |
|---|---|---|
| Gukosora uburinganire | Ikuraho utunenge tw’imiterere (igiti c’umugozi, umugozi, igihimba c’umubiri). | Ashika ku buzinguzingu nyakuri n’uguhuza. |
| Igenzura ry'ingero | Ikuraho ama microns y’ibintu kugira ngo ishike ku ID ya nyuma. | Ivyemezo vy'ugukanda-bibereye canke guterera-bibereye ukuri. |
| Guheza ku ruhande | Igabanya ububabare kugera kuri Ra 0.1–0.4 μm. | Bishoboza umugozi gukora neza kandi bikagabanya ugushikana. |
| Uruvyaro rw'umusaraba | Ivyara imirongo y’amazi igenzurwa. | Igumya filime y’amavuta mu gihe c’ugukora. |
| Gukuraho umubabaro n'ugutegura | Ikuraho imirongo ityaye n’imibabaro isigaye. | Ikingira galling, gutera amanota, no kwonona ikidodo. |
| Uguhuza mu guhingura | CNC n’ivyo kwifungura vyikora bigumya ubushobozi bwo gusubiramwo. | Uburyo bumwe mu guhingura umubare munini-. |
3. Uko igikorwa co gutoza gikorwa (Intambwe-ku-Intambwe)
Intambwe ya 1: Imbere-Imashini
Ubusa niBoboye canke barambiweku ngano hafi0.05–0.15 mm n'ubunini bukekuva ku nzira y’imbere y’intumbero.
Ibikoresho niumuringa, umuringa, icuma canke icuma gipfutsebivanye n’ingene umuntu akoresha.
Igikoresho ca mbere -gikoreshwa n'imashini kenshi kigaragaza ibimenyetso vy'ibikoresho n'ibidasanzwe bike.
Intambwe ya 2: Gutegura no gushiramwo
Igipfukisho gifatanywa muigikoresho canke colletkumenya neza ko umurongo w’ibarabara uhuye neza n’umurongo w’ibarabara.
A ikintu gikomeye canke kirerembabirashobora gukoreshwa bivanye n’ibisabwa vyo kwihanganira.
Gushiramwo neza bibuza ukutumvikana no gukuraho ibintu bitaringaniye.
Intambwe ya 3: Guhitamwo igikoresho
A uburebure buto -ni ryo ritoranywa kugira ngo rihure n’ubunini bw’ibarabara.
Ico gikoresho gitwaraamabuye ashobora kwaguka, ikozwe murioxide ya aluminiyumu, karabure ya silikoni, cankeibintu bikomeye cane (diama/CBN)ku bikoresho bikomeye.
Amavuta yo gutozacankeivyuma bikonjeshairatangwa kugira ngo isukure ibisigazwa no gukonjesha aho umuntu akorera.
Intambwe ya 4: Gukora
Ivyo bihuzaibikorwa bitatu bihuye:
Guhindukiza– Igikoresho co gutera ivyatsi kizunguruka umurongo waco (100–600 rpm).
Gusubizanya– Ico gikoresho kigenda kigaruka inyuma biciye mu mfuruka.
Ukwaguka kw'imirongo– Amabuye y’ugushaza akandagizwa hanze n’inguvu z’amazi canke z’ubuhinga zigenzurwa.
Ivyo binyabuzima vyose hamwe, biratuma haba .igishushanyo c'umusaraba (30 degre –45 degre imfuruka)kandi ukureho ibintu bikeyi bingana ku ruhande rwose.
Intumbero nyamukuru z'urugendo:
Kosora amakosa y’imiterere yatewe n’ugutera ubwoba.
Zana ubunini bw’ibarabara ku kwihanganira kwa nyuma.
Gusenyera no "gutera" ahantu kugira ngo ugire inyifato nziza yo gutera amavuta.
Intambwe ya 5: Mu -Igikorwa co gupima no gutunganya
Ku bipfukisho vy'ukuri -,ibipimo vy'umuyaga canke mu-uburyo bwo gupima ububoregukomeza gukurikirana ID.
Iryo mashini rihita rihindura umuvuduko w’amabuye canke ivyo kurya kugira ngo rikomeze kwihanganira.
Intambwe ya 6: Igice co guheza
Amabuye y’agaciro meza cane ni yo akoreshwa mu guca mu nzira za nyuma (kenshi 800–1200 grit).
Iherezo ry'ubutaka rya nyuma ryashitsweko ni:
Ra 0,1-0,4 μm
Ubuzinguzingu Buke canke bungana na 2 μm
Ubugororotsi Buri munsi canke bungana na 3 μm ku burebure bwa mm 100
Intambwe ya 7: Gusukura no gusuzuma
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bisukurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusukura canke uburyo bwo gukoresha amajwi kugira ngo bikuremwo ibintu bishobora gushaza.
Ico kinogo kirasuzumwa kugira ngo:
Ubugororotsi bw'umurongo(mikrometero canke igipimo c'umuyaga)
Ubuzunguruko n'ubuzingi(umugerageza w'ubuzibuzi)
Uburyo bwo ku ruhande(igipimo c'imiterere)
Bushings rero ziteguwe gushirwako, guteranirizwa hamwe, canke gushirwako -.
4. Ivyagezwe vy'ugukora neza
| Parametere | Urutonde rusanzwe | Intumbero |
|---|---|---|
| Uburebure bw'uburebure | 5 milimetero – 100 milimetero | Urutonde rw'ibikoresho rusangi |
| Gukuraho ibikoresho | 0,02 – 0,15 mm vyose hamwe | Ingano ya nyuma n'ugukosora |
| Imfuruka y'umusaraba | 30 degre –45 degre | Gufata amavuta neza |
| Iherezo ry'imbere (Ra) | 0.1 – 0.4 µm | Kwinyiganza neza no kugenzura kwambara |
| Kwihanganira | ±1–2 µm | Kanda canke gunyerera neza |
| Ibikoresho vy'Ibuye | Al2O3/SiC/Idayimoni/CBN | Bivana n'ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro |
| Gutoza umuvuduko | 100-600 rpm / 5-20 m/minute | Gukata no guheza bihuje |
5. Inyungu zo gukora neza
Umugozi utunganye–uburebure bubereyen’ubugenzuzi bukomeye bw’ingero.
Kugabanya ugushikana n'ukwambara, gutuma ubuhinga bukora neza kuruta.
Kugumya amavuta meza, kubera uburebure bw’umusaraba.
Kugabanya urusaku n'uguhungabanamu gihe c’ugukora.
Ubuzima bw'ibice bwagutse, canecane iyo uriko uratwara umuzigo mwinshi canke uriko uriruka cane.
Ugukoranya gukomeyeku bihimba vy’uguhuza (imirongo, amapine, amarongozi).
6. Imashini zo gutoza zikoreshwa cane mu gukora ama Bushings
| Ubwoko bw'imashini | Utuntu dutandukanye | Ikoreshwa risanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Imashini yo gutoza ihagaze | Ikirenge gikomeye; uburemere bw'isi-fashijwe n'ugutunganya. | Uguhingura bushing buto canke buringaniye. |
| Imashini yo gutoza iringaniye | Ubushobozi bwo gutera indwara ndende; ubugenzuzi bw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga. | Ivyuma vy'uburebure burebure canke binini-. |
| Ivyinshi -Imashini yo gutoza | Ivyuma vyinshi vyarakozwe icarimwe. | Gukora cane ama bushings (ivy’imodoka, ivy’amazi). |
| Imashini yo gutoza CNC | Servo-igenzura ibiribwa n'ibikorwa vyo gupima. | Ivyuma vy'indege n'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwo hejuru-vy'ukuri. |
7. Incamake
Mu guhingura neza bushing,gutoza ni ngombwa canekugira ngo uhindure ivyuma bikoreshwa n’imashini bibe .ubuso bukora neza.
Bituma bushing yose itanga:
Gutunganya umugozi udahinduka,
Inyifato y’uguhindukiza canke y’ugunyerera, kandi
Igihe kirekire-ukwizigirwa munsi y'umuzigo.
Muri make:
Gucukura no gucukuragusobanura ico kinogo.
Gutera itekabiyigira ahantu h’ugushiramwo ibintu vy’ukuri.
