Mu bidukikije bikomeye cane canke bikomeye cane bigoye abantu kugenderamwo, amaroboti ya kera afise amapine canke akurikirana akenshi arahura n’ingorane zikomeye kubera ko adashobora guhindura neza ahantu n’aho adashikama. Amaroboti afise amaguru atandatu, afise ubuhinga bwihariye bwo gukora imiterere y’ibinyabuzima be n’ukuntu amaguru yayo atandatu akora neza, yerekana ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kwiruka no gukora ibikorwa vyiwe mu bibanza bigoye, mu bibanza bigoye, eka mbere no mu bibanza bitagira uburemere, bikaba ari ubuhinga buhambaye mu bikorwa bidasanzwe.
Inyungu z'ibinyabuzima z'imiterere y'amaguru atandatu: Uburinganire buhamye kandi buhinduka
Ivyo bikoresho vy’amaguru atandatu vyakozwe bishingiye ku bikoko bifise amaguru atandatu biboneka mu kamere, nk’ibikoko vy’ibisiga n’ibitagangurirwa. Ivyo bikoko bikoresha amaguru menshi no guhindura ikibanza c’uburemere bw’isi kugira ngo bishobore kwiruka neza mw’ivu ry’ibitandara, mu binogo vy’ibitandara, eka mbere no mu bihome bihagaze. Amarobot y'amaguru atandatu aragwa iki kiranga nyamukuru: iyo ukuguru kumwe canke abiri kuzibiwe n'intambamyi, amaguru ane asigaye arashobora guhindura ingendo yayo mu gihe nyaco biciye ku buhinga, agakora ubuhinga buhamye bw'inkomoko butatu (busa n'"ingendo y'amaguru atatu" y'udukoko) kugira ngo robo ntiyigere itembagazwa. Amakuru y’igerageza yerekana ko ku mfuruka z’amabuye y’agaciro zifise uburebure bwa degre 30 canke mu miyoboro ifise umurongo w’amasentimetero 15 gusa, urugero rw’uguca kw’ico gikoresho c’amaguru atandatu ruri hejuru n’ibice 40 kw’ijana kuruta urw’ico gikoresho c’amaguru ane, n’ibice 70 kw’ijana kuruta urw’ico gikoresho c’amaguru ane.
Ikiruta vyose, ukuntu iyo robo igira ubushobozi bwo kwimenyereza ibidukikije. Nk’akarorero, mu gihe co kurondera no gutabara ibisigazwa, iyo ukuguru kwononekaye bitewe n’ugutombora, iyo sisitemu irashobora gusubira gusangira umuzigo, igatuma 30% vy’uburemere bwari bwatwawe n’uwo kuguru ku yandi maguru atanu, maze igakomeza imbere biciye mu gutegura ingendo y’inguvu (nk’uguhinduranya ho}{g}gge2 n’uguhinduranya ho{g}gge2 gukwegakwega). Ubwo bushobozi bwo "kwihanganira ingorane" ubu buragoye gushika ku ma robo menshi.
Igenzura ry’Ibikorwa mu Bidukikije Bidasanzwe: Kuva mu Turere tw’Ibarabara ry’Ibarabara gushika mu Kirere Kiremure
Agaciro k’amaroboti afise amaguru atandatu karagaragajwe mu bihe bitandukanye bikomeye cane. Mu gihe c’ingendo za siyansi zo muri Arctique, umugwi w’abashakashatsi wo muri Kanada warateguye ururobo rwitwa "Polar Hexapod" rufise igikoresho co gufata amashusho y’ubushuhe bw’infrared n’igikoresho co gucukura urubura, rwaciye neza mu bibanza vy’ubukonje n’ibinogo vy’urubura ku rugero rwa -40 degrees , rukorakoranya ivyerekanwa vy’imigwi y’imigera yo mu kiyaga co munsi y’urubura. Gukoresha drones vyari gutuma ubuzima bwa bateri bugabanuka cane kubera ubushuhe buke, mu gihe kwizigira abantu bakoresha iyo ndege vyari gutuma umuntu ashobora gufatwa n’ubukonje.
Mu bijanye n’ugutohoza ibirunga, igikoresho citwa "Vulcan" hexapod robot co muri kaminuza ya Tokyo, mu Buyapani, gifise igihimba c’umubiri gifise ubushuhe bwinshi (gishobora kwihanganira ubushuhe bwo ku ruhande bwa degre 300 ) be n’igikoresho co gupima gazi, caraciye mu bihimba vy’umubiri vy’ibirunga kugira ngo kironke amakuru y’ibirungo vy’ikibiriti. Amaguru yayo atandatu arafise ingingo zifatanya n’amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma ishobora guhagarara neza iyo ishikiwe n’ivu n’ibisigazwa vy’ikirunga. Ivyo bikoresho bifise amapine birashobora cane gufatwa n’imitego muri ivyo bibanza kubera ibisigazwa bishobora gushika mu mapine.
N’ibitanga umuhango kuruta ni ugukoresha mu kirere. Ico kigereranyo ca "Lunar Hexapod" ubu kiriko kirageragezwa na NASA gifise ubuhinga bwo kugenda bwiza cane kubera uburemere buke bw'isi (1/6 y'uburemere bw'isi). Ukuguru kwose gufise nanga ishobora gusubirwamwo. Mu gihe c’intambwe, iyo robo irabanza gukingira umubiri n’inanga imbere y’uko iterura ukuguru kuri hafi kugira ngo igende, ivyo bikaba bibuza gunyerera bitewe n’ivu ryoroshe ryo ku kwezi. Ivyiyumviro vyakozwe mu 2023 vyerekanye ko iyo robo yadutse ku mfuruka y’amabuye y’ibirahuri akozwe mu butaka bw’ukwezi bwagereranywa incuro zitatu kuruta iyo robo, mu gihe ikoresha gusa ica gatanu c’inguvu z’iyo robo.
Intambamyi z'ubuhinga n'ivyo muri kazoza
Naho amaroboti afise amaguru atandatu afise icizigiro ciza, aracari n’ingorane zitatu zikomeye: Ubwa mbere, ni umukazo wo gufata ingingo mu gihe nyaco-mu bidukikije bikomeye. Ivyuma vya kera vyo kugenzura birashobora guteba iyo bihuye icarimwe n’ahantu heza, intambamyi zo hejuru, n’ibihungabanya inguvu (nk’umuyaga n’amazi). Ubwa kabiri, ni ukubura inguvu. Ukwiruka kw'umuzigo munini-, cane cane mu kirere kirekire canke mu bidukikije vyo munsi y'ubutaka ata n'imwe ishaja hanze, ishiraho ibisabwa vyinshi cane ku bushobozi bwa bateri. Ica gatatu, ni intambara iri hagati y’igiciro n’uguhindura ibintu bikeyi. Ubu amaroboti y'amaguru atandatu y'agaciro kanini ashobora gutwara amadolari arenga miliyoni, bikaba bigabanya gukoreshwa ku rugero runini-.
Academia yaratanze inyishu zitari nke z’ubuhinga bushasha bwo gutorera umuti ivyo bibazo. Nk'akarorero, "moteri y'ingendo ihinduka" ifatanijwe n'ukwiga gukomeza cane bituma amaroboti yiga ubwayo ingamba nziza zo kwiruka mu kwigana amamiliyoni y'imigenderanire mu bibanza bitandukanye. Gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka (nk’imitsi y’ibinyabuzima) bigabanya uburemere bw’amaguru mu gihe bituma umuntu ashobora guhangana n’ingaruka. Kandi ubuhinga bw’inguvu zitandukanye (nk’amabateri y’imishwarara canke amabateri y’izuba) buratuma amabateri amara igihe kirekire.
Birashoboka ko n’iterambere ry’ubuhinga bw’ibikoresho, ubwenge bukorano, n’inyigisho y’ubugenzuzi, amaroboti afise amaguru atandatu azogenda aratera imbere buhoro buhoro ava ku “bikoresho bidasanzwe” aja ku “bibanza vyo kw’isi yose” vyo gukoresha mu bidukikije bidasanzwe. Yaba ari ugutohoza ubuzima mu binogo vy'amazi vy'amazi, gusukura uturere tw'imishwarara inyuma y'impanuka z'uruganda rw'inguvu z'imishwarara, canke gutwara ibikoresho mu gihe c'ubwubatsi bw'ikibanza co kuri Mars, uwo "mugenzuzi w'amaguru atandatu" azoba umufatanyabikorwa w'ingenzi mu gufasha abantu kwagura imipaka yabo.
