Ubumenyi ku mashini zo gutoza
A Imashini yo gutozani igikoresho co guheza neza -gikoreshwa mu gutumageometrie, ukuri kw'ingero, n'uburyo bwo ku ruhandey’ibinogo canke imyobo y’umubiri.
Ikoreshaamabuye ashazayashizwe kumandrel izunguruka kandi ihinduranyagukuraho igice ciza c'ibikoresho - mu bisanzwe ni mikrometero nkeyi gusa - kugira ngo ushikireukwihangana gukomeye (±1–2 μm)kandiivyiza cane vyo guheza (Ra Muto canke bingana na 0,1 μm).
Honing ni mu bisanzweintambwe ya nyuma yo gukoresha imashiniinyuma yo gubora canke gusya kandi ni ngombwa mu nganda aho bikenewe ko umuntu agenda neza, akora neza, kandi akora neza - nk’aho mumoteri z'imodoka, ubuhinga bw'amazi, ibikoresho vyo mu kirere.
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'amamashini yo gutoza
Amamashini yo gutera ivyatsi arashobora gushirwa mu migwi bivanye n’ingene atunganijwe, uko akora, urugero rw’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha be n’ingene akoreshwa.
Aha hepfo harihoubwoko busanzweikoreshwa mu nganda zose:
1. Imashini zo gutoza ziringaniye
Ico gikoresho gifatwa mu buryo buringaniye mu gihe igikoresho co gutoza gica muri co.
Ibereye kuriimiyoboro miremire, imigozi, n’ibipimo vy’amazi.
Ikoreshwa cane kuribiciye muri-imyobo.
Ivyiza:
Ni vyiza ku bikoresho vy’ibikorwa birebire.
Ugutunganya neza.
Ivyiza vy’ugukuraho ibice.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe:
Amacylindre y'amazi, imibindi y'imbunda, imyobo y'umugozi, n'imiyoboro y'ukuri.
2. Amamashini yo gutoza ahagaze
Ico gikoresho gikoreshwa gishirwa mu buryo buhagaze; igikoresho co gutera ivyatsi kiraduga kikaja hasi.
Ibereye cane kuribigufi, hejuru-ibice vy'ukurikandiimyobo y'impumyi.
Ivyiza:
Ikirenge gikomeye.
Ivyiza vy’ugukonjesha bigenda neza.
Biroroshe gukora.
Ibisabwa:
Ivyuma vya moteri, ivyumba vy’ibikoresho, amakompreseri, n’ivyumba vy’ivyuma.
3. Amamashini yo gutoza imyobo y'impumyi
Yagenewe canecaneyugarijwe-iherezo (impumyi) amabombo, aho gukuraho ibisigazwa no kugenzura umukazo bitoroshe.
Ifise ibikoresho bidasanzwe vy’amazi akonjesha n’imiterere y’amabuye kugira ngo ikomeze gukorana.
Ibisabwa:
Imibiri y'amapompo, inzu z'amavalve, n'ibihimba vy'imodoka bifise iherezo ry'impumyi.
4. Imashini yo gutoza inzira imwe -
Izwi kandi nk'guheza neza canke uburyo bwo gucapura neza.
Ico gikoresho gica mu mfuruka rimwe ataco gisubiza.
Ikuraho ibikoresho mu vyo gufungura bimwe bigenzurwa, vyiza ku gukora vyinshi-.
Ivyiza:
Igihe c’ingendo yihuta.
Igenzura ryiza cane ry’ubunini n’ugusubiramwo.
Intambwe ntoyi y’umukoresha.
Ibisabwa:
Injectors z'amavuta, inzu zo gutanga, amabuye y'amazi.
5. Ivyuma vyinshi-Imashini zo gutoza ivyuma
Ivyuma vyinshi bikora icarimwe ku gikoresho kimwe canke vyinshi.
Bisanzwe murigukora vyinshi(nk’akarorero, amabuye y’imoteri y’imodoka).
Bishobora kubamwoCNC-igenzurwa muri-uburyo bwo gupima.
Ivyiza:
Ugutanga umusaruro mwinshi n’ugushikama.
Ibikorwa vyikora.
Ibereye ku bijanye n’ugushiramwo umurongo.
6. Amamashini yo hanze
Yakoreshwa mu gutozahanze y'umubiriaho kuba ububabare bwo mu mutima.
Ni vyiza mu kunoza ubuzibuzi, guheza ku ruhande, no gutunganya neza umurongo w’imirongo canke inkoni.
Ibisabwa:
Ivyandikano vy’ibikoresho, inkoni za piston, n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga.
Ikoreshwa ry'amamashini yo gutoza
| Ishami | Ibice bisanzwe |
|---|---|
| Ivy'imodoka | Imyobo ya cylindre, inkoni zihuza, inzu z'ivyuma |
| Ivy'indege | Ivyuma bikoresha amazi, amaboko y'ibikoresho vyo kugwa |
| Ivyuma | Imbere n'inyuma impeta, amaboko atwara |
| Ivy'amazi/Ivy'umuyaga | Amatiyo y'amasilinda, amabuye y'amavalve |
| Ivy'ubuvuzi | Amaboko yo gutera, imiyoboro yo kubaga |
| Amavuta na gazi | Imibiri y'ipompa, inzu zigenzura |
Ibintu vyakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini zo gutoza
Ivyuma vy'ukuri n'amarushanwa y'ivyuma
Ivyuma vy'imoteri n'amabuye
Ivyuma vy'amazi n'ivy'umuyaga
Inzu zo gutanga amakuru
Imibindi y'imbunda n'imiyoboro
Ipompa n'imibiri y'amazi
Amaboko ya kompreseri
Ivyuma biyobora n'ibikoresho
Amateka y'Iterambere ry'Imamashini zo Gukora
| Igihe | Ivyiza vy'iterambere |
|---|---|
| 1900s | Honing yateye imbere nk'ubuhinga bwo guheza n'amaboko{0}}ibice vya moteri. |
| 1940s | Imashini zambere zo gukosora ziringaniye zashizweho kugira ngo zikorerwe vyinshi. |
| 1960s | Uburyo bwo gutoza ivyuma buhagaze n'ivyuma vyinshi-vyateguwe ku bijanye n'inganda z'imiduga. |
| 1980s | Imashini zigenzurwa na CNC-zituma zikora neza kandi zigasubirwamwo. |
| Imyaka ya 2000–Ubu | Ukwinjizamuri-uburyo bwo gupima, kwikoresha, kandiubugenzuzi bwo kwimenyerezaku bijanye n'ugukora neza cane -. |
Uburyo bwo gutoza imashini
Guteraigikoresho gikoreshwa neza mu gikoresho gifatanya.
Kwinjiza umugozi wo gutozan’amabuye y’ugushaza.
Guhindukiza no gusubizanyaiyo mandrel kugira ngo ikore igicapo c’umusaraba.
Kugenzura umukazo w'amabuyen’igipimo c’ibifungurwa kugira ngo ukureho igice c’ibintu gitoya.
Gukaraban’ivyo gukonjesha kugira ngo ukureho ibice vy’umubiri no kubungabunga ubushuhe.
Gupimaubunini bw’ibarabara n’ubuhinga (bikora canke bikoresheje amaboko).
Gusukuran’isuzuma rya nyuma ry’uko ryari ryiza, ry’uruzitiro, n’iry’irangi ry’imbere.
Inyungu / Ivyiza vyo gukoresha imashini zo gutoza
Ivyo ashikakoukuri kw'urugero rwa mikron- (±1 µm)
Bitangaindorerwamo-imeze nk'iherezo ry'imbere(Ra Iri munsi canke ingana na 0,1 μm)
Gukosoraamakosa y'imiterere(ubuzunguruko, ubugoyagoye, ubugoyagoye)
YongeraGufata amavutakandikwambara
Bigabanyaurusaku n'ugushikanamu makoraniro
Kwaguraubuzima bw'ibice
Ihuye naIbikoresho bikomeye n'ibiyoroshe
Guhitamwo umuhinguzi mwiza w'amamashini yo gutoza
Igihe usuzuma abaguha ibikoresho, suzuma:
Ubuhinga mu vy'ubuhinga n'urubuga rw'ibikorwa
Ukwihanganira ukuri kw'imashinin'ibisobanuro vy'ugusubiramwo
Ikimenyetso c'uburyo bwa CNC(Ihinguriro, Simens, Mitsubishi)
Uguhuza n'ivyo kwikoresha / ubuhinga bwa robo
Ubushobozi bwo guhindura uko ushaka
Inyuma ya -ugufasha mu kugurisha n'ibice vy'inyumakuboneka
Ivyerekeye umukiriya n'ivyemezo (ISO 9001, CE, SGS)
Ibintu vyo kwitwararika igihe ugura imashini zo gutoza
Ingano z'igikoresho n'ubwoko bw'imyobo(biciye canke impumyi)
Ukwihanganira bisabwa n'uguheza ku ruhande
Ubwinshi bw'umusaruro n'urugero rw'ubuhinga
Ibikoresho n'ugushaza bihuye
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha n'uburyo bwo kuyungurura
Ubuhinga bwo gucungera no gukoresha bisabwa
Garanti, amahugurwa, n'ubufasha mu vy'ubuhinga
Imiterere y'amamashini yo gutoza
| Umutungo | Urutonde rusanzwe / Ikiranga |
|---|---|
| Uburebure bw'uburebure | 1 milimetero – 1000 milimetero |
| Uburebure bw'inkoni | Kugeza kuri metero 2 (uburinganire) |
| Ubutungane | ±1 μm kugeza kuri ±3 μm |
| Guheza ku ruhande | Ra 0,02-0,2 μm |
| Ibikoresho bihuye | Icuma, ivyuma, aluminiyumu, titaniyumu, ivyuma |
| Umuvuduko w'umugozi | 100-600 ku munota |
| Umuvuduko wo gusubizanya | 10-50 mm/isegonda |
Uko wokoresha imashini zo gutoza
Gutera igikoreshon’umutekano mu gitereko.
Gushiramwo no gutunganyamandrel canke ibuye ry’agaciro ryiza.
Gushiraho amaparametere- umuvuduko wo guhindukiza, uburebure bw'urugendo, n'igipimo c'ugufungura.
Shirako ikintu gikonjeshaubudasiba mu gihe co gutoza.
Gutangura gutozan’umukazo mutoyi; buhoro buhoro n’ukwagure amabuye.
Ingano y'igenzuragukoresha ibipimo canke mu -ibipimo vy'imigenderanire.
Inzinguzingu y'iherezo, ukureho maze usukure igikoresho.
Gusuzumakugira ngo bibe nk’ikibumbano, bigororoke, kandi bibe vyiza ku ruhande.
Insobanuro / Amajambo y'amajambo y'amamashini yo gutoza
| Ikiringo | Insobanuro |
|---|---|
| Gukora Mandrel | Igikoresho gifata kandi kigagwiza amabuye y’ugushaza. |
| Igishushanyo c'umusaraba | Igishushanyo c'umurongo uhurirana kiva ku nzira y'uguzunguruka n'ugusubirana, bituma umuntu agira amavuta meza. |
| CBN / Amabuye y'amadayimoni | Ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bikomeye cane. |
| Umwe -Ugutsinda | Inzira aho igikoresho gica mu mfuruka rimwe ataco gihinduye. |
| Mu-Igikorwa co gupima | Ingero yikora mu gihe co gukosora kugira ngo umenye neza ingero zitomoye. |
| Impumyi Bore | Umwobo w'iherezo ufunze-usaba ubuhinga budasanzwe bwo gutoza. |
Igiciro c'amamashini yo gutoza
Ibiciro vy'imashini yo gutoza birahindagurika bivanye n'ubwoko, ubunini, ubuhinga bwikora, n'ibisabwa vy'ukuri:
| Ubwoko | Igiciro gisanzwe (USD) |
|---|---|
| Imashini yo gutoza intebe y'amaboko | $3,000 – $8,000 |
| Igice-Imashini iringaniye yikora | $10,000 – $25,000 |
| Imashini yo gutoza ihagaze ya CNC | $20,000 – $60,000 |
| Uburyo bwo guhingura ibintu vyinshi - | $60,000 – $150,000+ |
| Umwe -Ica / Umurongo wikora | $80,000 – $200,000+ |
